Issue showing folder in a gallery
There are two possibilities:
1. Delegation issue (less likely): This could happen if there are lots of files in the folders. Even though you only have a small number of folders, the collection you're getting might not be getting everything because of the number of files within those folders. However, since you increased the data row limit, this is probably not the issue.
2. The three missing folders are empty (most likely): When you call a SharePoint API via Power Apps, by default it doesn't list empty folders. This is a known limitation of how SharePoint exposes folder data through the API.
Can you confirm that the 3 folders are not empty? Or if you want to show also the empty folders, you may need to embed a Power Automate flow that tries to use an API endpoint like _api/web/GetFolderByServerRelativeUrl('Shared Documents')/Folders each time you want to load the folders within a library, and then return the data from the Power Automate flow into a collection.